Enhancing Building Design: Integrating IP Telephony, Internet of Things (IoT), and Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS) Network for Smart Buildings
Abstract With the advancement of sensor technologies, numerous applications have emerged in various fields and regions. Utilizing these innovations and recent advancements can greatly benefit building applications, enhancing smart functions, and improving user comfort. In particular, the detection of fire plays a crucial role in preventing property destruction and potential loss of life. Fire Detection and Alarm Systems (FDAS) are intelligent frameworks aimed at providing automated management of control services and optimizing resource utilization. In this proposed model, all devices are registered in the IOE server and administered by an Administrator, while an IP Telephony network facilitates long-distance calls and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications. The proponents have employed Cisco Packet Tracer, along with VLAN networks, to simulate the proposed model, and for real-life scenarios, they have implemented a cost-effective design for the Internet of Things (IoT) and FDAS-based Evacuation Service. Keywords: VLAN Networks, Cisco Packet Tracer, IoT, FDAS, IP Telephony Engr. Jaime V. DavidEngr. Luigi Carlo De JesusEngr. Leonardo M. Samaniego, Jr.Mark Joshua A. AñonuevoJoshua D. BernadosJulius Iver A. Reyes Introduction One of the most destructive aspects of fire is its rapid and uncontrollable spread (A. Bröring, 2011). Therefore, timely fire detection is crucial for preventing fire hazards. The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of interconnected sensors, actuators, and programmable devices embedded in home appliances, physical devices, and vehicles, enabling them to exchange data and improve the efficiency of everyday devices using computer-based systems (Anwar, 2018). In addition to enhancing device efficiency, IoT also offers economic benefits and aims to simplify human life by creating smart devices. IoT extends the connectivity of objects beyond conventional devices used for everyday purposes. In this paper, the proponents have developed an IoT-based alarm system, where registered devices in the IOE server act as a home gateway controlled through the IoT monitor. This paper provides a detailed presentation of the design and implementation of monitoring products for the fire protection system based on IoT. The IoT terminal devices are responsible for monitoring the operational status of the fire suppression and safety system, including building fire department alarms, hydrant pipe flow, environmental temperature, and more. Through IoT, effective sensing, reliable transmission, and centralized and efficient management of the fire system become achievable (L. Huang, 2011). Thus, the Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS) is widely adopted as the primary safety system for high-rise residential, commercial, and industrial establishments, as it acts as a protective measure to prevent accidental fires from escalating into unmanageable outbreaks. Traditional FDAS systems were traditionally constructed using wired transmission and the CAN (controller area network) bus protocol (Shu-guang, 2011). However, wired fire detection and alarm systems come with drawbacks, such as installation and maintenance costs, construction and expansion complexities, susceptibility to corrosion, aesthetic concerns, high fault rates, and a high count of false alarms due to limited cable transmission distance. The network also includes an IP Telephony component, which showcases the basic setup of IP telephones within a specific building or establishment. These facilities facilitate long-distance voice communication or calls, allowing IP phones to be configured for internal and external calls within a specific location. Methodology The overall system is built using Cisco Packet Tracer, a proprietary multi-platform tool that allows for the creation of networking and IoT simulations without the need for hardware or an existing network. Each zone of the system includes a fire monitor and sensor nodes equipped with ceiling sprinklers, siren, temperature sensor, and smoke detector. These smart components are connected to a microcontroller and can be linked to the network by connecting the microcontroller to the Home Gateway wirelessly. The entire system is responsible for processing data and sending control signals to activate the notification devices, and data processing and monitoring can be accessed through the software. Cisco Packet Tracer offers several advantages. First, it is easy to use, making it accessible to a wide range of users. Additionally, it can be accessed anywhere and anytime, providing flexibility and convenience to its users. Another advantage is its ability to simulate configurations related to Cisco devices, allowing users to test and troubleshoot network designs before implementing them in real-life scenarios. Moreover, it provides information-driven operation efficiencies that reduce inventory, downtime, and time to market. Finally, it offers a greater ability to support business evolution from a reliable, transparent technology foundation that is viable with future innovation discharges. Table 1 Devices Used in the Network and their Function Device Function / Description Router 2811 Supports multiple WAN interfaces. Switch 2960 Easy to deploy, manage, and troubleshoot. It offers automated software installation and port configuration. IP Phone 7960 Full-feature telephones that provide voice communication over an IP (Internet Protocol) network. Personal Computer (PC) Connection to access layer Laptop Tablet Manipulating, storing, calling up information for the user in changed format if required. Smartphones Server Monitors intelligent things that are recorded on it and have specific database features. Central Server Used to link the router with the cellular network. Cell Tower Cellular-enabled mobile device site where antennas and electronic communications equipment are placed to create a cell in a cellular network. Home Gateway Allows data to flow from one discrete network to another. Microcontroller (MCU-PT) Used to connect various intelligent things. Ceiling Sprinkler Provides an appropriate amount of water to extinguish fires before they get the opportunity to grow and spread throughout the room. Siren Designed to sound the alert in the event of a fire-related emergency. Lights Visible lights RFID Reader Type of communication device that involves connection and communication between a transmitter (transponder or tag) and a receiver (reader). Smoke Sensor Used to detect smoke in a specific room, surroundings or area. Temperature Sensor Measures the temperature of its environment and converts the input data into electronic data to record, monitor, or signal temperature changes. Table 1 presents a comprehensive overview of the devices utilized in a network configuration, along with their respective functions. The Router 2811 is specifically designed to support multiple WAN interfaces, enabling seamless and efficient network connectivity. In contrast, the Switch